(4) Moreover, it has a similar vapor pressure to that of LPG, and hence can be used in the existing infrastructures for transportation and storage. (3) Owing to its high cetane number, DME is considered to be an excellent alternative to the present transportation fuel with no emission of particulate matter and toxic gases such as NO x at burning,. (2) Since DME only has C H and C O bond, but no C C bond, and since it contains about 35% oxygen, its combustion products such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions are less than those of natural gas. For many reasons, DME is known to be a clean fuel: (1) Unlike other homologous ethers, it has a safe storage and handling as it does not form explosive peroxides. Burning with a visible blue flame and with similar properties as propane and butane, DME may hence be used as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for heating and home cooking. DME is a volatile substance which forms a liquid phase when pressurized above 0.5 MPa therefore, it is commonly handled and stored as liquid (see the physical property of DME in Table 1). In recent years, the application of dimethyl ether (DME) as a potential diesel substitute used in compression ignition engines has attracted considerable attention. These issues have necessitated the development of clean non-petroleum based alternative transportation fuels. The inordinate use of oil-based fuels for transportation purposes is one of the major reasons of the rapid depletion of petroleum which causes major environmental problems. Also, the available data for the selectivity to DME and its yield as a function of H 2/CO and CO 2 content of the feed is discussed. In this context, synthesis methods are classified according to their use of raw material type as direct and indirect methods as well as other routes, since different methods need their own operating condition. This review, which also can be counted as an extensive, pioneer review paper on this topic, presents recent developments in synthesis methods of dimethyl ether as an alternative energy while focuses on conventional processes and innovative technologies in reactor design and employed catalysts. It can be produced from a variety of feed-stocks such as natural gas, coal or biomass and also can be processed into valuable co-products such as hydrogen as a sustainable future energy.
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a well-known propellant and coolant, an alternative clean fuel for diesel engines which simultaneously is capable of achieving high performance and low emission of CO, NO x and particulates in its combustion.
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